As exception to liberty of contracting and unlike a number of other industries, Turkey’s petroleum industry imposes certain obligations to petroleum right owners in contracting the conduct of the petroleum operations. At the first glance this seems that i

Turkey is one of the fastest growing economies among the emerging markets. Its 4% average growth rate throughout the last decade catapulted her in to a class of its own among the MENA region. However, the rapid industrial development and economic growth h

Turkish electricity market is rapidly transforming a competitive open market by consistent privatization and liberalization policies of Turkish government. In line with these regulations, a manipulation risk has been revealed which restricts advantages of

Israel’s offshore Tamar and Leviathan gas fields in Eastern Mediterranean Sea have a significant discovery in order to meet Europe’s rising gas and energy need. Europe’s energy dependence to Russia has been known as the top discussed energy issue ov

Turkish Energy Market Regulatory Authority (“EMRA”) has announced on 1st October 2014 that the electricity manufacturing license holders producing electricity from renewable resources are required to submit their applications for Renewable Energy Resour

Although the remarkable economic growth in the past decade, Turkey is still considered as a “middle-income” country in OECD standards. At the moment, within the scope of Kyoto Protocol, only high-income countries are committed to limit Green House Gas

In last 10 years, energy experts have been working keenly on the establishment of a new private and competitive electricity market in Turkey. Following the amendments of Electricity Market Regulation law no.6446, 7 years ago, licenced energy companies com

The effect of climate change is not only an environmental problem today as it directly relates to the resource-based industries. In today’s world, the scientific assessments lead the players of energy to reflect on their project viability. In direct pro

Especially after the drop-in oil prices the companies that are in early stage of their investments have begun to get position aiming to turn into an advantageous investment and started to look to what extent the regulations allow them to transfer and gran

Law No 4646 (“Law”) which regulates the natural gas market in terms of import, transmission, distribution, storage, marketing, trade and the export of natural gas and the rights and obligations of all real and legal persons relating to these activitie

Russian energy leader Gazprom maintains its leading position in the gas industry of the world. The world’s access to gas is enabled mainly via Gazprom’s transportation lines as Gazprom owns the largest gas transport system (approximately 158,200 kilom