Technology licenses are generally transferred through private law contracts under Turkish Law. They are commonly used in business transactions such as mergers and acquisitions, joint venture agreements and research collaboration agreements

Turkish Personal Data Protection Law no. 6698 (the “Law”) entered into force on April 7th, 2016 and the Data Protection Authority (the “Authority”) was established at the end of 2016 as an independent authority to fulfil the requirements under the Law.

Penalty clauses in Turkish Law are stipulated under the Turkish Code of Obligations numbered 6098 and dated 04.02.2011 (“TCO”).

Like the Sarbannes Oxley Act of 2002, The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (“FCPA”) was a reactionary legislation.

Turkish Law does not prescribe any specific rules regarding whistleblowing. Nonetheless, there are several rights and obligations prescribed under Turkish Law that may apply to whistleblowing cases.

The short answer is “it depends”.

At the end of the research and development process, commercialization of the invention commences. Commercialization of such inventions are generally conducted through purchasing, manufacturing and distribution arrangements.

Convertible bonds are debt securities that may be issued by a company. After the end of its maturity, the security holder has the right to convert the security into a stock of the company that issued the convertible bond.

Airline companies, transfers and processes personal data on massive scales, which puts them in the spotlight of GDPR.