18 Ocak 2021 tarihinde, Avrupa Birli\u011fi Bakanlar Konseyi (\u201cKonsey\u201d), k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve hafif silahlar\u0131n ve m\u00fchimmat\u0131n\u0131n ihracat\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeleri ve kurallar\u0131 yeknesakla\u015ft\u0131rma amac\u0131yla, 2021\/38 say\u0131l\u0131 Konsey karar\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u201cKonsey Karar\u0131\u201d) \u0130\u015fbu Konsey karar\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n, yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya kas\u0131ts\u0131z kullan\u0131c\u0131lara silah tedarik riskini azaltmak, e\u015fit \u015fartlar olu\u015fturmak ve savunma sanayi ve m\u00fc\u015fterileri i\u00e7in ilgili gereklilikler konusunda netli\u011fi art\u0131rmak oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klayan Konsey, bilhassa amac\u0131n \u00fcye devletlerin silah ihracat\u0131 politikalar\u0131ndan AB politikalar\u0131na daha fazla yak\u0131nsama ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. 11 maddeden olu\u015fan s\u00f6z konusu Konsey Karar\u0131, silah ihracat\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetkilendirme, nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikas\u0131 ve \u00fcye devletlere atfedilen g\u00f6revler gibi hususlara ili\u015fkin detaylar\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n
Konsey Karar\u0131n\u0131n Esaslar\u0131 <\/span><\/p>\n Konsey, Konsey karar\u0131n\u0131n, askeri teknoloji ve te\u00e7hizat\u0131n ihracat\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenleyen ortak kurallar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan 2008\/944 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n incelemesine e\u015flik eden 16 Eyl\u00fcl 2019 tarihli Konsey Kararlar\u0131n\u0131n somut bir devam\u0131 niteli\u011finde oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Yine, Konsey, karar\u0131n nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve hafif silahlar (\u2018Small Arms and Light Weapons-SALW\u2019) ve m\u00fchimmat\u0131n\u0131n istemsiz sapt\u0131rma riskini azaltmak ve efektif nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir unsur oldu\u011funu da vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, bu sertifikalar\u0131n, ihracat lisans\u0131 verilip verilmeyece\u011fine dair karar verilirken her durum i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 yap\u0131lan tam risk de\u011ferlendirmesinin yerine ge\u00e7medi\u011fi de Konsey taraf\u0131ndan belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Konsey Karar\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve hafif silahlar ile bunlar\u0131n m\u00fchimmat\u0131n\u0131n istenmeyen nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131lara veya nihai kullan\u0131mlara y\u00f6nlendirilmesini \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu amac\u0131n ise askeri teknoloji ve te\u00e7hizat ihracat\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenleyen Avrupa Birli\u011fi (\u201cAB\/Birlik\u201d) ortak kurallar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ortak unsurlar \u00fczerinde anla\u015farak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilece\u011fi vurgulanarak bahsi ge\u00e7en Konsey karar\u0131 yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Konsey Karar\u0131n\u0131n Detaylar\u0131 <\/span><\/p>\n Kapsam<\/span><\/p>\n \u00d6ncelikle belirtmek gerekir ki 31 Aral\u0131k 2021 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girecek olan Konsey Karar\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve hafif silahlar\u0131n bile\u015fenlerinin, eklentilerinin ve m\u00fchimmat\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak ihracat\u0131n\u0131 kapsama almaktad\u0131r. Konsey Karar\u0131n\u0131n ekinde, detayl\u0131 olarak askeri te\u00e7hizat\u0131n kapsam\u0131na giren kategoriler belirtilmi\u015f olup bu kategoriler AB Ortak Askeri Listesinin (\u2018Common Military List of the European Union\u2019) ML1, ML2, ML3 ve ML4 kategorileri ile uyumludur. <\/span>Bu kapsamda, <\/span>sald\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcfe\u011fi, hafif makineli t\u00fcfek, makineli tabancalar, askeri kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f karabinalar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck silahlar olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131rken; <\/span>a\u011f\u0131r makineli t\u00fcfekler, toplar, ob\u00fcsler, el bombas\u0131 f\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, geri tepmesiz tabanca hafif silahlar olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n Bununla birlikte Konsey Karar\u0131, \u2018nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131, i\u015flemin s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, ihracat lisans\u0131 verildi\u011fi s\u0131rada bilinen ihra\u00e7 edilen mallar\u0131n nihai al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve sahibi olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan \u2018ihracat\u2019 kavram\u0131 ise, g\u00fcmr\u00fck beyannamesi gerektiren mallar\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve 952\/2013 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00f6netmelik kapsam\u0131nda serbest b\u00f6lgede depolanan mallar\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere, mallar\u0131n Birli\u011fin g\u00fcmr\u00fck b\u00f6lgesinden herhangi bir \u015fekilde ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n Son olarak \u2018ihracat\u00e7\u0131\u2019 kavram\u0131, ihracat lisans ba\u015fvurusu yapm\u0131\u015f veya ad\u0131na ba\u015fvurusu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edildi\u011fi anda, ilgili \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkedeki al\u0131c\u0131 ile s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Birli\u011fin g\u00fcmr\u00fck b\u00f6lgesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmesini belirlemek i\u00e7in gerekli yetkiye sahip olan, Birlikte yerle\u015fik ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi veya merkezi Birlikte olan t\u00fczel ki\u015fi veya ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade etmektedir. S\u00f6z konusu s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalanmad\u0131ysa veya bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sahibi kendi ad\u0131na hareket etmiyorsa, \u2018ihracat\u00e7\u0131\u2019, mallar\u0131n Birli\u011fin g\u00fcmr\u00fck b\u00f6lgesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmesini belirleme yetkisine sahip ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi, te\u015febb\u00fcs veya kurulu\u015f anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n Yetkilendirme ve Nihai Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Sertifikas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Detaylar<\/span><\/p>\n Konsey Karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, bir \u00fcye devlet taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ihracat\u0131 i\u00e7in izin verilmesi i\u00e7in, bu yetkiden \u00f6nce nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan imzalanm\u0131\u015f, tam olarak kontrol edilmi\u015f bir nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikas\u0131 veya uygun belgelendirme olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00fcye devletler, adres bilgisi, ticaret unvan\u0131 ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse sicil numaras\u0131 gibi ihracat\u00e7\u0131 ve nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131ya ili\u015fkin bilgiler, nihai varma yeri \u00fclkesinin ad\u0131, mallar\u0131n t\u00fcrleri ve i\u00e7erikleri, nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenme tarihi vb. gibi temel unsurlar\u0131 nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikas\u0131n\u0131n kimlik saptamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli k\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Konsey Karar\u0131, \u00fcye devletlerin, nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131lardan nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikas\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle ilgili olarak temel birtak\u0131m taahh\u00fctleri talep edecekleri de d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re, \u00fcye devletler nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131lardan; mallar\u0131n beyan edilen kullan\u0131m amac\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, mallar\u0131n ithalat\u00e7\u0131 \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na tekrar ihra\u00e7 edilmeyece\u011finin veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131 \u00fclke i\u00e7inde mallar\u0131n muhafazas\u0131n\u0131n devredilmeyece\u011finin ve mallar\u0131n tekrar ihrac\u0131n\u0131n sadece nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikas\u0131nda tan\u0131mlanan \u00fclkelere yap\u0131labilece\u011finin garantisini alacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bununla birlikte, Konsey Karar\u0131, \u00fcye devletlerin nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ermesini gerekli k\u0131labilecekleri se\u00e7imlik unsurlara da yer vermi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re, nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikas\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki mallar\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131 veya \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131 durumunda ihracat\u00e7\u0131 \u00fcye devleti bilgilendirilme, nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikas\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki mallar\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kesin miktar\u0131yla teyit edilmesi ve nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli ve emniyetli silah ve m\u00fchimmat y\u00f6netimi kapasitesini g\u00f6steren garanti belgesinin ibraz edilmesi gibi taahh\u00fctler, bu unsurlardan birka\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00dcye Devletlere Getirilen Sorumluluklar<\/span><\/p>\n Konsey Karar\u0131, nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00fcye devletlere baz\u0131 g\u00f6revler de getirmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00fcye devletler, ulusal hukuktaki d\u00fczenlemeler ve uygulama \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde verilmi\u015f nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tutmakla g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir. Ek olarak, \u00fcye devletler, gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikas\u0131ndaki imzan\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini do\u011frulamakla da y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Karar uyar\u0131nca, nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi konusunda \u015f\u00fcphe durumunda, \u00fcye devletler sertifikay\u0131 ulusal uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re herhangi bir yolla do\u011frulayabilirler. Neticeten, nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi do\u011frulanamazsa, \u00fcye devletler s\u00f6z konusu sertifikaya ili\u015fkin lisans vermeyecektir.<\/p>\n Ay\u0131ca, bir \u00fcye devlet, bir nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikas\u0131nda doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, sahtecilik veya nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifikas\u0131n\u0131n ihlalini tespit ederse, bu durumu Konvansiyonel Silahlar D\u0131\u015f Sat\u0131m \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubunun (\u2018Working Party on Conventional Arms Export- COARM\u2019) \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i platformu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla di\u011fer \u00fcye devletler ile payla\u015facakt\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, \u00fcye devletler, mevcutsa, nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 sertifika formatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rneklerini COARM \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i platformu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla di\u011fer \u00fcye devletlerle payla\u015facakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u015eafak Herdem, Ezgi Ceren Aydo\u011fmu\u015f<\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 18 Ocak 2021 tarihinde, Avrupa Birli\u011fi Bakanlar Konseyi (\u201cKonsey\u201d), k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve hafif silahlar\u0131n ve m\u00fchimmat\u0131n\u0131n ihracat\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeleri ve kurallar\u0131 … Read more<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-havacilik","masonry-post","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/herdemlaw.com\/tr-tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1308","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/herdemlaw.com\/tr-tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/herdemlaw.com\/tr-tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herdemlaw.com\/tr-tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herdemlaw.com\/tr-tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1308"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/herdemlaw.com\/tr-tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1308\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7522,"href":"https:\/\/herdemlaw.com\/tr-tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1308\/revisions\/7522"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herdemlaw.com\/tr-tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/herdemlaw.com\/tr-tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1308"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herdemlaw.com\/tr-tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1308"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herdemlaw.com\/tr-tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}